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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
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Articles 11 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012" : 11 Documents clear
The importance of masticatory functional analysis in the diagnostic finding and treatment planning for prosthodontic rehabilitation Harry Laksono; Agus Dahlan; Sonya Harwasih
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (464.05 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p59-67

Abstract

Background: The masticatory system as a biologic system is subjected to harmful influences of varying severity. Almost half of routine patients requesting prosthodontic treatment indicated at least one sign or symptom of temporomandibular disorders. Analysis of the masticatory system often neglected by dentist. Untreated temporomandibular disorders may significantly implicated in the perpetuation of the disorder and may interfere with routine prosthodontic clinical procedures. It would be resulted unsuccessful long term goal of prosthodontic rehabilitation because of the uncompleted diagnoses and treatment plan. Purpose: The purpose of this case report was to give the information of the importance of masticatory functional analysis in the diagnostic finding for treatment planning in the prosthodontic rehabilitation. Case: A 45 year - old male patient, partial dentate with reduced chewing efficiency, mild pain in right preauricular region in function, left click in opening mouth, severe attrition on all anterior lower teeth with vertical dimension of occlusion decreased due to loss of posterior support. He wanted to make a new denture. Case management: Record and analyze of active and passive mandibular movement, opening pathway, muscle and temporomandibular joints palpation, load testing, and vertical dimension of occlusion with manual functional analysis (MFA), occlusal condition and radiographic examination. Treatment plan was formulated into 3 phases: stabilization of the masticatory system, definitive treatment and periodical control. The result of this treatment excellent for 1 year evaluation after permanent cementation. Conclusion: Masticatory functional analysis is very important and must be done in the diagnosis finding for treatment planning in every case of prosthodontic rehabilitation.Latar belakang: Sistem pengunyahan sebagai sistem biologis sewaktu-waktu dapat terjadi gangguan dengan berbagai derajat keparahan. Hampir setengah dari jumlah pasien yang memerlukan perawatan prostodontik minimal menunjukkan satu tanda atau keluhan dari gangguan temporomandibular. Analisis fungsional sistem pengunyahan masih sering dilupakan oleh dokter gigi. Gangguan temporomandibular yang tidak dirawat akan terus ada dan mungkin dapat mengganggu prosedur klinis perawatan prostodonsia. Hal tersebut akan menyebabkan keberhasilan klinis jangka panjang perawatan prostodonsia tidak dapat tercapai karena diagnosis dan rencana perawatan yang kurang lengkap. Tujuan: Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tentang pentingnya analisis fungsional sistem pengunyahan untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan rencana perawatan pada perawatan prostodonsia. Kasus: Pasien laki-laki usia 45 tahun, bergigi sebagian merasa sulit untuk mengunyah makanan, nyeri ringan di daerah depan telinga kanan saat fungsi, keletuk sendi kiri saat membuka mulut, atrisi pada seluruh gigi depan rahang bawah disertai penurunan dimensi vertikal oklusi akibat kehilangan dukungan gigi belakang. Dia ingin membuat gigi tiruan yang baru. Tatalaksana kasus: Mencatat dan menganalisis pergerakan aktif dan pasif rahang bawah, arah pergerakan rahang bawah saat membuka mulut, palpasi otot-otot pengunyahan dan sendi temporomandibula, uji beban, dimensi vertikal oklusi dengan metode analisis fungsional secara manual, keadaan oklusal dan radiologis. Rencana perawatan dibagi menjadi 3 tahap berupa stabilisasi sistem pengunyahan, perawatan tetap dan kontrol secara periodik. Hasil perawatan menunjukkan keberhasilan klinis yang baik setelah dilakukan evaluasi selama 1 tahun setelah penyemenan tetap. Kesimpulan: Analisis fungsional sistem pengunyahan sangat penting dan harus dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan rencana perawatan pada setiap perawatan prostodonsia.
The increasing of enamel calcium level after casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate covering Widyasri Prananingrum; Puguh Bayu Prabowo
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (114.369 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p93-96

Abstract

Background: Caries process is characterized by the presence of demineralization. Demineralization is caused by organic acids as a result of carbohydrate substrate fermentation. Remineralization is a natural repair process for non-cavitated lesions. Remineralization occurs if there are Ca2+ and PO43- ions in sufficient quantities. Casein-amorphous calcium phosphate phosphopeptide (CPP-ACP) is a paste material containing milk protein (casein), that actually contains minerals, such as calcium and phosphate. The casein ability to stabilize calcium phosphate and enhance mineral solubility and bioavailability confers upon CPP potential to be biological delivery vehicles for calcium and phosphate. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the calcium levels in tooth enamel after being covered with CPP-ACP 2 times a day for 3, 14 and 28 days. Methods: Sample were bovine incisors of 3 year old cows divided into 4 groups, namely group I as control group, group II, III and IV as treatment groups covered with CPP-ACP 2 times a day. All of those teeth were then immersed in artificial saliva. Group II was immersed for 3 days, while group III was immersed for 14 days, and group IV was immersed for 28 days. One drop of CPP-ACP was used to cover the entire labial surface of teeth. The measurement of the calcium levels was then conducted by using titration method. All data were analyzed by One- Way ANOVA test with 5% degree of confidence. Results: The results showed significant difference of the calcium levels in tooth enamel of those groups after covered with CPP-ACP 2 times a day for 3, 14 and 28 days (p = 0.001). There is also significant difference of the calcium levels in tooth enamel of those treatment groups and the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The calcium levels of tooth enamel are increased after covered with CPP-ACP 2 times a day for 3, 14 and 28 days.Latar belakang: Proses terjadinya karies gigi ditandai oleh adanya demineralisasi. Demineralisasi terjadi oleh asam organik sebagai hasil fermentasi substrat karbohidrat oleh bakteri. Remineralisasi adalah proses perbaikan alami untuk lesi non cavitated. Remineralisasi terjadi jika terdapat ion Ca2+ dan PO43- dalam jumlah cukup. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) adalah bahan berbentuk pasta berisi suatu protein susu (kasein). Pada kasein terkandung mineral kalsium dan fosfat. Kemampuan kasein untuk menstabilkan kalsium fosfat dan meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas sehingga CPP memiliki potensi menghantarkan kalsium dan fosfat. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar kalsium enamel setelah pengulasan CPP-ACP pada permukaan enamel 2 kali sehari selama 3,14 dan 28 hari. Metode: Sampel adalah gigi insisif sapi, usia 3 tahun. Pada penelitian ini sampel (n = 24) dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok I sebagai kelompok kontrol, dan kelompok II, III, IV sebagai kelompok perlakuan dengan pengulasan CPP-ACP 2 kali sehari. Semua kelompok direndam dalam saliva buatan. Kelompok II direndam 3 hari, kelompok III direndam 14 hari, kelompok IV direndam 28 hari. Pengulasan CPP-ACP sejumlah 1 tetes diratakan pada seluruh permukaan labial gigi. Pengukuran kadar kalsium dilakukan dengan metode titrasi. Semua data dianalisa dengan uji One-Way ANOVA dengan taraf kemaknaan 5%. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan kadar kalsium enamel gigi di antara kelompok (p = 0,001). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan kadar kalsium gigi pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan antara lama waktu pengulasan 3, 14, dan 28 hari (p = 0,001). Kesimpulan: Pengulasan CPP-ACP selama 3, 14 dan 28 hari mampu meningkatkan kadar kalsium pada enamel.
The management of chronic traumatic ulcer in oral cavity Maharani Laillyza Apriasari
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (779.882 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p68-72

Abstract

Background: The traumatic ulcer is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions. The etiology of traumatic ulcer may result from mechanical trauma, as well as chemical, electrical, or thermal stimulus, may also be involved in addition, fractured, malposed, or malformed teeth. The clinical manifestation of traumatic ulcer are ulcer, have a yellowish floor, fibrinous center, red and inflammatory margin without induration. Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to present how to manage the patient with the chronic traumatic ulcer in oral cavity. Case: This case report is about the patient with chronic ulcer in oral cavity. Intra oral examination showed on the right tongue margin appeared the major ulcer, single, diameter 1,5 cm, pain, white color, induration and irreguler margin around the ulcer. The patient had been suffering it for 5 months. She had come to a lot of dentist and the oral maxillofacial surgery, but they could not heal the ulcer. The dental occlusion of the patient, especially 17 and 47 then 15 and 45 teeth was looked bitten the right tongue. It underlied to get the clinical diagnosis as the chronic traumatic ulcer. Case management: The main therapy of traumatic ulcer is eliminiting the etiology factor, so that decided to do teeth extraction 45 and 47 that was looked linguversion position on 45 degrees. Before doing the teeth extraction, the patient was referred to take complete blood count (CBC), blood glucose examination and biopsy. The monitoring of the ulcer must be done until 2 weeks after the teeth extraction. If the lesion was persistent, it is suspected as malignancy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the main management of chronic traumatic ulcer in oral cavity is removing the etiology factors. If the ulcer is still persistent after 2 weeks from the etiology factor had been removing, it is suspected as the malignancy that is needed biopsy examination to get the final diagnosis.Latar belakang: Ulkus traumatikus adalah salah satu lesi pada mukosa mulut yang sering terjadi. Penyebab ulkus traumatikus adalah adanya trauma mekanik, seperti kimia, elektrik atau suhu, selain itu dapat pula terjadi karena fraktur, malposisi atau malformasi gigi. Manifestasi klinis dari ukus traumatikus adalah ulser, dasar berwarna kuning, pada bagian tengah tampak fibrin, pinggiran berwarna merah dan mengalami keradangan tanpa adanya indurasi. Tujuan: Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk melaporkan bagaimana penatalaksanaan pasien dengan ulkus traumatikus kronis pada rongga mulut. Kasus: Kasus ini melaporkan tentang ulser kronis yang terjadi pada rongga mulut. Pemeriksaan pada rongga mulut menunjukkan pada pinggir lidah kanan tampak ulser mayor, tunggal, diameter 1,5 cm, sakit, berwarna putih, pinggiran sekitarnya tampak indurasi dan tidak teratur. Ulser terjadi selama 5 bulan. Pasien mengunjungi banyak dokter gigi dan spesialis bedah mulut, tetapi ulser tidak dapat disembuhkan. Pada saat pasien oklusi, pada gigi, 17 dengan 47 serta gigi 15 dengan 45 tampak lidah sebelah kanan tergigit. Hal ini yang mendasari diagnosis sementaranya adalah ulkus traumatikus kronis. Tatalaksana kasus: Penanganan utama dari ulkus traumatikus adalah menghilangkan faktor penyebab, oleh sebab itu dilakukan ekstraksi pada gigi 45 dan 47 yang terlihat posisi linguoversi 45 derajat. Sebelum gigi-gigi tersebut diekstraksi, pasien dirujuk untuk melakukan pemeriksaan darah lengkap, gula darah dan biopsi. Ulser harus tetap dimonitor sampai 2 minggu pasca ekstraksi. Jika lesi menetap, maka ini diduga Squamous Cell Crsinoma. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penatalaksanaan utama dari ulkus traumatikus kronis pada rongga mulut adalah dengan menghilangkan faktor penyebab. Ulser yang persisten setelah 2 minggu setelah faktor penyebab dihilangkan, maka diduga suatu keganasan yang perlu pemeriksaan biopsi untuk menegakkan diagnosis akhir.
Cytotoxicity of Betel leaf (Piper betel L.) against primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast and its effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Suprapto Ma’at
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (243.273 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p97-101

Abstract

Background: Betel leaf (Piper betel L.) has been used in modern and traditional medicine as antiseptic, antibacterial, and also prevention of plaque accumulation, but it still can stimulate cancer in lime-piper betel quid. Betel leaf also has anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose: The purpose of this study was examine the cytotoxicity of Betel leaf extract (BLE) against primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast and its effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with LPS. Methods: MTT assay was used to investigate the survival rate of the culture with the survival rate result of the given culture extract 4%, 2% and 1% about 82%, 83.4% and 85%. There was no significant difference between treatment with various concentrations of the extract and the control (p>0.05). To evaluate the effect of Betel leaf extracts on the production of cytokines, proinflammatory was conducted by incubating the extracts of betel leaf with peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from healthy volunteers isolated by density centrifugation method using Ficoll-Hypaque. Once coupled with various concentrations of betel leaf extract and lipopolysaccharide, and then incubated for 24 hours, the culture supernatant was used to determine the level of IFN-γ and TNF-α by ELISA method. Results: It is known that the survival rates of BLE 4%, 2% and 1% were 82%, 83.4% and 85%. There was no significant of difference between several concentrations of BLE and those in the control group (p>0.05). The production of IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulated with LPS was no significant difference between BLE 4%, 2% and 1% and that in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that BLE is not toxic against primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast, and the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by PBMC was not affected by BLE.Latar belakang: Daun sirih (Piper betel L.) telah banyak digunakan dalam berbagai pengobatan tradisional maupun moderen sebagai antiseptik, antibakteri dan untuk pencegahan pembentukan plak, tetapi dapat juga menimbulkan kanker pada orang pengunyah sirih. Daun sirih juga memiliki aktivitas sebagai anti-inflamasi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi sitotoksisitas ekstrak daun sirih terhadap kultur primer sel fibroblas embrio ayam dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi sitokin proinflamasi oleh sel mononuklear darah perifer yang distimulasi dengan LPS. Metode: Uji MTT digunakan untuk menginvestigasi survival rate kultur, dengan hasil: survival rate dari kultur yang diberi ekstrak 4%, 2% dan 1% adalah 82%, 83,4% dan 85%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara perlakuan dengan berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak terhadap kontrol (p>0,05). Untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh ekstrak daun sirih terhadap produksi sitokin proinflamasi dikerjakan dengan menginkubasi ekstrak daun sirih bersama sel mononuklear darah perifer yang distimulasi dengan lipopolisakarida. Sel mononuklear darah perifer diperoleh dari relawan sehat yang diisolasi dengan metode sentrifugasi densitas menggunakan ficoll-hypaque. Setelah ditambah dengan berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih dan lipopolisakarida, diinkubasi selama 24 jam, supernatan kultur digunakan untuk menentukan level IFN-γ dan TNF-α dengan metode ELISA. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan produksi IFN-γ dan TNF-α antara kultur sel mononuklear darah perifer yang diinkubasi bersama ekstrak daun sirih dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih "> tidak toksik terhadap kultur sel primer fibroblas embrio ayam dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi sitokin proinflamasi IFN-γ dan TNF-α oleh sel mononuklear darah perifer manusia yang distimulasi dengan LPS.
Simplified digital infra red photography: an alternative tool in Bite mark forensic investigation Haryono Utomo; Mieke Sylvia
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (244.415 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p73-78

Abstract

Background: Decades ago, documentation of forensics evidences such as bitemarks, bloodstains and others which required sophisticated photographic techniques and equipments such as infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) photography, became a problem since they only use film that must be developed. Therefore, direct evaluation of the photographic result could not be directly visualized. The equipments prices were relatively high. Moreover, most of the equipments were still not available and relatively expensive; and converted IR digital camera could not use for regular photography. Recently, digital camera made image documentation and editing easier. Purpose: This review was aimed to explore the different characteristics and benefits of regular digital camera in IR forensic photography as well as to simplify the equipments needed. Reviews: IR photography becomes easier since certain digital cameras could capture the IR image by using IR filters or to be switched to IR camera. The regular non-SLR digital camera had certain advantages compared to SLRs, such in focusing. However, since not every digital camera has the ability to capture IR light, laser pointer or TV remote could be used as a tester. Conclusion: Knowledge about IR Bite mark photography, characteristics of regular digital camera and its accesories could reduce the budget for an ideal standard forensic photographic equipments by modifications.Latar belakang: Puluhan tahun silam, dokumentasi bukti forensik seperti teraan gigit, bercak darah dan sebagainya yang memerlukan teknik dan peralatan yang canggih seperti fotografi infra merah (IR) dan ultraviolet (UV) merupakan masalah karena memakai film yang harus diproses terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui hasilnya. Akibatnya, hasil pemotretan tidak bisa langsung dievaluasi, selain itu harganya relatif mahal, kamera digital yang diubah menjadi kamera IR tidak bisa untuk pemotretan biasa. Saat ini kamera digital dan program komputer mempermudah dokumentasi dan penyuntingan. Tujuan: Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menjabarkan sifat dan keuntungan kamera digital dalam fotografi IR forensik dan menyederhanakan peralatan yang dibutuhkan. Tinjauan pustaka: Fotografi IR dipermudah karena kamera digital tertentu dapat menangkap gambar IR dengan menggunakan filter IR atau diubah menjadi kamera digital IR. Kamera biasa non-SLR mempunyai beberapa keuntungan dibandingkan SLR antara lain dalam memfokuskan obyek. Walaupun demikian, karena tidak semua kamera digital biasa dapat menangkap sinar IR, dapat dilakukan pengujian dengan penunjuk laser atau pengatur jarak jauh televisi. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan tentang fotografi IR, kamera digital biasa dan peralatan tambahannya dapat mengurangi biaya peralatan fotografi IR standar forensik dengan cara modifikasi.
Deoxypyridinoline level in gingival crevicular fluid as alveolar bone loss biomarker in periodontal disease Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (581.968 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p102-106

Abstract

Background: Periodontal diseases have high prevalence in Indonesia. They are caused by bacteria plaque that induced host response to release pro inflammatory mediator. Pro inflammatory mediators and bacteria product cause degradation of collagen fibers in periodontal tissue. Deoxypyridinoline is one of pyridinoline cross-link of collagen type I that can be used as biomarker in bone metabolic diseases, however, their contribution to detect alveolar bone loss in periodontal diseases remains unclear. Purpose: This study was to evaluate deoxypyridinoline level in gingival crevicular fluid as alveolar bone loss biomarker on periodontal disease. Methods: This study used 24 subjects with periodontal diseases and 6 healthy subjects. Dividing of periodontal disease was based on index periodontal. Gingival crevicular fluid was taken at mesial site of maxillary posterior tooth by paper point and deoxypyridinoline be measured by ELISA technique. Results: We found increasing of deoxypyridinoline level following of the severity of periodontal diseases. There was also significant difference between healthy subjects and periodontal diseases subjects (p<0.05). Conclusion: Deoxypyridinoline level in gingiva crevicular fluid can be used as alveolar bone loss biomarker in periodontal disease subjects.Latar belakang: Prevalensi penyakit periodontal di Indonesia cukup tinggi. Ini disebabkan oleh bakteri plak yang merangsang respon tubuh untuk mengeluarkan mediator keradangan. Mediator keradangan dan produk bakteri menyebabkan degradasi serat kolagen jaringan periodontal. Deoksipiridinolin merupakan salah satu ikatan piridinium dari kolagen tipe I yang dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker penyakit metabolisme tubuh. Akan tetapi, penggunaan deoksipiridinolin untuk mendeteksi kehilangan tulang alveolar pada penyakit periodontal masih belum jelas. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bahwa kadar deoksipiridinolin pada cairan krevikular gingival dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker kehilangan tulang alveolar pada penyakit periodontal. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 subyek penelitian yaitu 24 orang dengan penyakit periodontal dan 6 orang tidak menderita penyakit periodontal. Pembagian penyakit periodontal berdasarkan indeks periodontal. Cairan krevikular gingival diambil dari bagian mesial gigi posterior atas dengan menggunakan paper point dan diukur kadar deoksipiridinolin dengan menggunakan teknik ELISA. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada peningkatan kadar deoksipiridinolin seiring dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit periodontal. Hasil statistik juga menunjukkan ada perbedaan rata-rata antara subyek penelitian yang tidak menderita penyakit dengan subyek yang menderita penyakit periodontal (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar deoksipiridinolin pada cairan krevikular gingival dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker kehilangan tulang alveolar pada penderita penyakit periodontal.
The relation between salivary sIgA level and caries incidence in Down syndrome children Rosdiana Rosdiana; Mochammad Fahlevi Rizal
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (293.658 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p79-83

Abstract

Background: Down syndrome or Trisomy 21 is a genetic disorder caused by extra chromosome on chromosome 21. Down syndrome child, however, has good resistance against caries, and some of them even are caries-free. It is because the level of salivary sIgA in Down syndrome children is equal or even higher than that in normal children. Purpose: This review was aimed to review the relation between salivary sIgA level and caries incidence in Down syndrome children. Reviews: Down syndrome is a collection of symptoms caused by chromosomal abnormality that has a number of physical and mental disorders. Down syndrome children, nevertheless, have significantly lower incidence of caries than normal children. These conditions are thought to relate to characteristics of oral cavity and the level of salivary sIgA in Down syndrome children. Caries is a disease of dental hard tissues caused by the fermentation of sucrose into glucans by glucosyltransferase enzymes (GTF) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). One of proteins in saliva that acts as a defense mechanism is imunoglubulin. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) inhibits the activity of S. mutans as bacteria causing caries forming glucan. This immunoglobulin, sIgA, is the most abundant immunoglobulin in saliva. The level of salivary sIgA in Down syndrome children is significantly higher than that in normal children. Conclusion: Besides factors of tooth eruption delays, wide spaces among teeth, microdontia, pH, and high saliva contents (calcium, sodium, bicarbonate), the low incidence of caries in Down syndrome children is also related with the higher level of salivary sIgA in Down syndrome children than that in normal children.Latar belakang: Sindroma Down atau Trisomi 21 merupakan kelainan genetik yaitu adanya kromosom ekstra pada kromosom 21. Anak sindroma Down memiliki resistensi yang baik terhadap karies dan sebagian dari mereka bebas karies. Kadar sIgA saliva anak sindroma Down sama atau bahkan lebih tingi dari anak normal. Tujuan: Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah mencari hubungan antara kadar sIgA di dalam saliva dengan kejadian karies pada anak sindroma Down. Tinjauan pustaka: Sindroma Down adalah suatu kumpulan gejala akibat abnormalitas kromosom yang memiliki sejumlah kelainan fisik dan mental. Anak sindroma Down secara signifikan memiliki prevalensi karies yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan anak normal. Kondisi ini diduga berhubungan dengan karakteristik rongga mulut dan kadar sIgA saliva anak sindroma Down. Karies merupakan penyakit jaringan keras gigi yang disebabkan oleh fermentasi sukrosa menjadi glukan oleh enzim glucosyltransferase (GTF) dari Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Salah satu protein di dalam saliva yang berperan sebagai mekanisme pertahanan adalah imunoglubulin. Imunoglobulin A sekretori (sIgA) berperan menghambat aktivitas S. mutans sebagai kuman penyebab karies membentuk glukan. sIgA adalah imunoglobulin yang paling banyak terdapat pada saliva. Kadar sIgA saliva sindroma Down signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak normal. Kesimpulan: Rendahnya insiden karies anak sindroma Down berhubungan dengan kadar sIgA di dalam saliva anak sindroma Down yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak normal selain faktor keterlambatan erupsi gigi geligi, ruang antar gigi yang lebar, mikrodonsi, pH dan kandungan saliva (kalsium, sodium, bikarbonat) yang tinggi.
Craniofacial morphology of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate following labioplasty and palatoplasty Sigit Handoko Utomo; Krisnawati Krisnawati; Benny M. Soegiharto
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (271.223 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p107-113

Abstract

Background: A complete unilateral cleft lip and palate generally results in asymmetry of the midface. The lack of continuity in the perilabial musculature through the midline contributes to a malpositioning of the underlying osseus structures which are often underdeveloped. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the craniofacial morphology among children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate following labioplasty and palatoplasty as compared with children without cleft lip and palate at the same pubertal age. Methods: A series of 14 consecutively treated subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate following labioplasty and palatoplasty were compared with 14 pubertal stage-matched controls with normal craniofacial structure. Pubertal stage was determined with cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method improved by Baccetti et al, 2002. Lateral cephalograms were used for comparison. An unpaired t-test was run for 14 subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and 14 normal subjects. Results: There were significant cephalometric differences in anterior cranial base length (p = .002), cranial base length (p = .001), maxillary length (p = .000), mandibular length (p = .000), mandibular ramus height (p = .000), mandibular body length (p = .002), and upper anterior face height (p = .004). There was no significant cephalometric difference in posterior cranial base length (p = .051), lower anterior face height (p = .206), posterior face height (p = .865), growth pattern/ facial type (p = .202). Conclusion: There were craniofacial morphology differences between children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate post labioplasty and palatoplasty and children without cleft lip and palate at the age of pubertal. Children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate post labioplasty and palatoplasty had shorter length of the anterior cranial base, cranial base, maxilla, mandible, mandibular ramus height, mandibular body, and upper anterior face height as compared with children without cleft lip and palate at the age of pubertal.Latar belakang: Celah bibir dan langit-langit unilateral komplit umumnya menghasilkan asimetri wajah bagian tengah. Berkurangnya kontinuitas otot di sekitar bibir yang melewati garis tengah wajah mengakibatkan malposisi struktur tulang di bawahnya yang seringkali kurang berkembang. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah terdapat perbedaan morfologi kraniofasial anak dengan celah bibir dan langit-langit unilateral komplit pasca labioplasti dan palatoplasti dibandingkan anak tanpa celah bibir dan langit-langit pada usia pubertal. Metode Penelitian: Sejumlah subyek penelitian berupa 14 orang anak penderita celah bibir dan langit-langit pasca labioplasti dan palatoplasti dibandingkan dengan 14 orang anak yang normal pada masa pubertal yang sama. Masa pubertal ditentukan menggunakan metode cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) yang dikembangkan oleh Baccetti dkk, 2002. Dilakukan perbandingan hasil pengukuran sefalogram lateral dari kedua kelompok. Uji-t tidak berpasangan dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan gambaran kraniofasial antara kelompok anak dengan celah bibir dan langit-langit unilateral komplit pasca labioplasti dan palatoplasti dan kelompok anak normal. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada panjang basis kranium anterior (p = .002), panjang keseluruhan basis kranium (p = .001), panjang maksila (p = .000), panjang mandibula (p = .000), tinggi ramus mandibula (p = .000), panjang badan mandibula (p = .002), tinggi wajah anterior atas (p = .004). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada panjang basis kranium posterior (p = .051), tinggi wajah anterior bawah (p = .206), tinggi wajah posterior (p = .865), pola pertumbuhan/tipe wajah (p = .202). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan morfologi kraniofasial antara anak dengan celah bibir dan langit-langit unilateral komplit pasca labioplasti dan palatoplasti dibandingkan anak tanpa celah bibir dan langit-langit pada masa pubertal. Anak dengan celah bibir dan langit-langit unilateral komplit pasca labioplasti dan palatoplasti memiliki panjang basis kranium anterior, panjang keseluruhan basis kranium, panjang maksila, panjang mandibula, tinggi ramus mandibula, panjang badan mandibula, dan tinggi wajah anterior atas yang lebih pendek dibandingkan anak tanpa celah bibir dan langit-langit pada masa pubertal.
Inhibition of 10% Alpinia galanga and Alpinia purpurata rhizome extract on Candida albicans growth Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi; Rachmi Fanani Hakim; Cut Cahya
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (248.236 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p84-88

Abstract

Background: One of normal oral flora that found in human oral cavity is Candida albicans (C. albicans). The overgrowth of this species can lead to opportunistic infection known as candidiasis. Two natural plants, Alpinia galanga rhizome and Alpinia purpurata rhizome, are natural remedies containing flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and triterpenoid used as antifungal component. Purpose: This experimental laboratory study is aimed to determine the inhibition of Alpinia galanga rhizome and Apinia purpurata rhizome on the growth of C. albicans. Methods: Alpinia galanga rhizome and Alpinia purpurata rhizome were extracted in ethanol solvent using soxhletation method. The ratio test was conducted on those two extracts at the concentration of 10% toward the growth of C. albicans through agar diffusion method. Results: The results showed that 10% Alpinia galanga rhizome extract and 10% Alpinia purpurata rhizome extract were able to inhibit the growth of C. albicans, about 7.33 mm for Alpinia galanga rhizome extract and 6 mm for Alpinia purpurata rhizome extract. The results of statistical tests using independent samples t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the inhibition of 10% Alpinia galanga rhizome extract and that of 10% Alpinia purpurata rhizome extract. Conclusion: In conclusion 10% Alpinia galanga rhizome extract and 10% Alpinia purpurata rhizome extract have weak inhibition on C. albicans growth.Latar belakang: Candida albicans (C. albicans) merupakan flora normal yang terdapat dalam rongga mulut, jika keseimbangannya terganggu maka jamur tersebut akan menjadi patogen dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi dalam rongga mulut yaitu kandidiasis. Lengkuas rimpang putih maupun lengkuas rimpang merah merupakan tanaman yang mengandung senyawa antijamur berupa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Tujuan: Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan daya hambat ekstrak lengkuas rimpang putih (Alpinia galanga) dengan ekstrak lengkuas rimpang merah (Alpinia purpurata) terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans. Metode: Ekstrak lengkuas rimpang putih maupun lengkuas rimpang merah diperoleh dengan metode soxhletasi. Dilakukan pengujian perbandingan kedua ekstrak pada konsentrasi 10% terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil: Ekstrak lengkuas rimpang putih 10% dan ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah 10% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan C. albicans dengan daya hambat rata 7,33 mm untuk ekstrak lengkuas rimpang putih dan 6 mm untuk ekstrak lengkuas rimpang merah 10%. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan independent sampel t test menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara respon hambat ekstrak lengkuas rimpang putih dan ekstrak lengkuas rimpang merah. Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak lengkuas rimpang putih 10% dan ekstrak lengkuas rimpang merah 10% memiliki daya hambat yang lemah terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans.
Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex virus types 1 and 2 and their association with CD4 count among HIV-positive patients Irna Sufiawati; Sunardhi Widyaputra; Tony S. Djajakusumah
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (313.67 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i2.p114-120

Abstract

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common cause of viral opportunistic infections among HIV-positive patients. Frequent, more severe and prolonged episodes of recurrent HSV infection can be a source of significant morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive patients with advanced immunosuppression, reflected by low CD4 count. However, conflicting results have also been reported. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in HIV-positive patients compare with the rate in HIV-negative patients, and to evaluate their association with CD4 count. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 145 subjects consisting of 80 HIV-positive and 65 HIV-negative patients attending the top referral hospital in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The serum obtained was assayed for the presence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG antibodies using ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using a Chi-square test, t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There were no significant differences in HSV-1 seroprevalence between HIV-positive patients (71%) and HIV-negative patients (66%). HSV-2 seroprevalence was significantly higher in HIV-positive patients (30%) than HIV-negative patients (5%). The titers of HSV-1 IgG antibodies in HIV-positive patients (mean 24.63 ± 19.06 IDU) were significantly lower than those of HIV-negative patients (mean 44.62 ± 33.22 IDU). In contrast, HSV-2 IgG antibody titers in HIV-positive patients (mean 13.31 ± 20.28 IDU) were significantly higher than HIV-negative patients (mean 4.42 ± 10.99 IDU). There was no significant correlation between HSV-1 and HSV-2 seropositivity and CD4 count among HIV-positive patients. However, most of HSV-2 seropositive patients had CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among HIV-positive patients was high with no correlation with CD4 count.Latar belakang: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) adalah penyebab infeksi virus oportunistik yang paling umum pada pasien HIVpositif. Infeksi HSV rekuren yang sering terjadi, lebih berat, dan episode yang berkepanjangan dapat menjadi penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang signifikan pada pasien HIV-positif dengan imunosupresi lanjut, ditandai dengan jumlah CD4 yang rendah. Namun, hasil yang bertentangan juga telah dilaporkan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seroprevalensi HSV tipe 1 (HSV-1) dan tipe 2 (HSV-2) pada pasien HIV-positif dibandingkan dengan pasien HIV-negatif, dan untuk mengevaluasi hubungannya dengan jumlah CD4. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada 145 subjek yang terdiri dari 80 pasien HIV-positif dan 65 pasien HIV-negatif yang berkunjung ke rumah sakit pusat rujukan di Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Antibodi IgG HSV-1 dan HSV-2 di dalam serum diperiksa dengan menggunakan ELISA. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square, t-test dan ANOVA, nilai p < 0.05 dianggap signifikan secara statistik. Hasil: Seroprevalensi antibodi IgG HSV-1 pada pasien HIV-positif (71%) tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan pasien HIV-negatif (66%). Namun, seroprevalensi HSV-2 secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada pasien HIV-positif (30%) dibandingkan dengan pasien HIV-negatif (5%). Titer antibodi IgG HSV-1 pada pasien HIV-positif (mean 24.63 ± 19.06 IDU) secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien HV-negatif (mean 44.62 ± 33.22 IDU). Sedangkan, titer antibodi IgG HSV-2 pada pasien HIV-positif (mean 13.31 ± 20.28 IDU) secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasien HIV-negatif (mean 4.42 ± 10.99 IDU). Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara seropositivitas HSV-1 dan -2 dengan jumlah CD4. Namun, sebagian besar pasien seropositif HSV-2 memiliki jumlah CD4 < 200 sel/mm3. Kesimpulan: Seroprevalensi HSV-1 dan HSV-2 pada pasien HIV-positif adalah tinggi, tetapi tidak berkorelasi dengan jumlah CD4.

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